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2016| October-December | Volume 3 | Issue 4
Online since
December 22, 2016
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REVIEW ARTICLES
Correlates of hepatitis b virus-related stigmatization experienced by Asians: A scoping review of literature
Haeok Lee, Jacqueline Fawcett, Deogwoon Kim, Jin Hyang Yang
October-December 2016, 3(4):324-334
DOI
:10.4103/2347-5625.195896
PMID
:28083549
Objective:
Although remarkable progress in the pharmacological components of the prevention and treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and liver cancer has been achieved, HBV-related stigma is recognized as a major barrier to HBV management. The purpose of this Revised Social Network Model (rSNM)-guided review was to examine the existing research literature about HBV-related stigma among Asians and Asian immigrants residing in other countries.
Methods:
A scoping review of literature was conducted to determine the depth and breadth of literature. Totally, 21 publications were identified. The review findings were linked with the concepts of rSNM to demonstrate how individual factors and sociocultural contexts shape and affect the experience of HBV-related stigma.
Results:
Most studies were quantitative cross-sectional surveys or qualitative methods research that had been conducted among Chinese in China and in the USA. The three concepts in rSNM that have been identified as important to stigma experience are individual factors, sociocultural factors, and health behaviors. The major factors of most studies were on knowledge and attitudes toward HBV; only three studies focused on stigma as the primary purpose of the research. Few studies focused on the measurement of stigma, conceptual aspects of stigma, or interventions to alleviate the experience of being stigmatized.
Conclusions:
The scoping review revealed the existing depth and breadth of literature about HBV-related stigma. Gaps in the literature include lack of research address group-specific HBV-related stigma instruments and linkages between stigma and stigma-related factors.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Impact of symptom clusters on quality of life outcomes in patients from japan with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancers
Tamami Hamada, Hiroko Komatsu, Margaret Quinn Rosenzweig, Naohiko Chohnabayashi, Naoki Nishimura, Satoshi Oizumi, Dianxu Ren
October-December 2016, 3(4):370-381
DOI
:10.4103/2347-5625.196489
PMID
:28083555
Objective:
Identify symptom clusters based on symptoms experienced by patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), and examine the relationship between the symptom clusters and impairment in everyday life and quality of life (QOL).
Methods:
Using the M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory, 9 symptom items and the QOL Questionnaire (QLQ-C-30) evaluation apparatus from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, we evaluated symptom severity, interference in daily life, and QOL. Factor analysis and multiple regression analysis techniques were used.
Results:
Sixty patients with advanced NSCLCs seen in pulmonary medicine departments were included in the study. The average age of patients was 64.33 (standard deviation = 11.40). Thirty-six were male and 24 were female. Three symptom clusters were identified as fatigue/anorexia cluster (dry mouth, altered the sense of taste, drowsiness, fatigue/tiredness, and lack of appetite), pain cluster (anxiety, sadness, and pain), numbness cluster (numbness, leg weakness, and distress). The pain cluster had the strongest influence (adjusted
R
2
= 0.355) on daily life (emotions) while the numbness cluster most strongly affected walking. The fatigue/anorexia cluster explained 22.7% of role function variance. This symptom clustering may be unique among patients with advanced NSCLCs.
Conclusions:
Each of these clusters affected QOL and everyday life with varying degrees of influence. In clinical screening assessments, focusing on symptom clusters could provide tailored management strategies for patients with advanced NSCLCs. These care strategies may improve outcomes specifically for advanced NSCLCs patients.
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Genotoxic monitoring of nurses handling cytotoxic drugs
Anna Tompa, Anna Biró, Mátyás Jakab
October-December 2016, 3(4):365-369
DOI
:10.4103/2347-5625.196484
PMID
:28083554
Objective:
Several biomarkers may be used to detect harmful exposure and individual susceptibility to cancer. Monitoring of biomarkers related to exposure may have a significant effect on early detection of cell transformation, thereby aiding the primary prevention of various chronic and malignant diseases. Nurses who handle cytotoxic drugs are exposed to carcinogenic agents, which have the potential to interrupt the cell cycle and to induce chromosomal aberrations. The presence of high chromosomal aberrations indicates the need for intervention even when exposure to these carcinogens is low.
Methods:
Nationally representative samples of 552 nurses were investigated by a follow-up monitoring system. The measured biomarkers were clinical laboratory routine tests, completed with genotoxicological (chromosome aberrations [CAs] and sister chromatid exchanges [SCEs]) and immunotoxicological monitoring (ratio of lymphocyte subpopulations and lymphocyte activation markers) measured on peripheral blood lymphocytes. Results were compared to the data of 140 healthy, age-matched controls.
Results:
In nurses exposed to cytostatics, we observed a significantly increased frequency of CAs and SCEs compared with those in the controls. Cytostatic drug exposure also manifested itself in an increased frequency of helper T lymphocytes. Genotoxicological and immunotoxicological changes, as well as negative health effects (i.e., iron deficiency, anemia, and thyroid diseases), increased among cytostatic exposed subjects.
Conclusions:
These results raised concerns about the protection of nursing staff from chemical carcinogens in the working environment.
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REVIEW ARTICLES
Health disparity and cancer health disparity in China
Qi Wang, Jie Jiao
October-December 2016, 3(4):335-343
DOI
:10.4103/2347-5625.195899
PMID
:28083550
China is one of the largest and most populated countries in the world. It has undergone rapid economic growth in recent years. However, the development is not equitable, and the distribution of wealth significantly varies among the regions in China. Geographical and socioeconomic inequalities, together with the lack of an equitable national social support system, cause the high variance of health outcomes among the regions. Furthermore, the fast growth of the economy has evoked many environmental challenges and puts much pressure on the population. The severe environmental deterioration, especially of the atmosphere and water bodies, has affected the health of the people living in China. As a result, cancer has become a major public health issue, and an alarming increase in incidence and mortality has been reported. However, cancer incidence and mortality vary in different areas in China. Cancer and cancer treatment disparities have existed for years. This article will discuss the existing health and cancer disparities associated with the risk factors and how these disparities are managed in China.
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Global perspectives on cancer health disparities: Impact, utility, and implications for cancer nursing
Winnie K. W. So, Raymond Javan Chan, Tracy Truant, Paul Trevatt, Stella Aguinaga Bialous, Margaret Barton-Burke
October-December 2016, 3(4):316-323
DOI
:10.4103/2347-5625.195885
PMID
:28083548
This paper examines cancer health disparities and contributing factors at national, regional, and international levels. The authors all live in different countries and regions with different health-care systems and practices. Despite the shared cancer nursing perspective, each country or global region approaches cancer disparities differently. With globalization the world is becoming smaller, and in turn becoming interconnected and interdependent. This article focuses on cancer health disparities and global cancer nursing, exemplifying these concepts about the impact and implications of person-centered care.
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EDITORIAL
How quality of oncology care and services be improved through leadership and collaborations: cross-clusters CQI program in Hong Kong
Suzanne So-Shan Mak
October-December 2016, 3(4):352-356
DOI
:10.4103/2347-5625.196390
PMID
:28083552
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Knowledge and attitudes toward HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus infection among health-care workers in Malawi
Jasintha Mtengezo, Haeok Lee, Jonathan Ngoma, Susie Kim, Teri Aronowitz, Rosanna DeMarco, Ling Shi
October-December 2016, 3(4):344-351
DOI
:10.4103/2347-5625.195921
PMID
:28083551
Objective:
The highest prevalence of HIV infection occurs in Sub-Saharan Africa and hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence are the second highest in Sub-Saharan Africa including Malawi. Health-care workers (HCWs) play an important role in the prevention of, response to, and management of these infectious diseases. There is, however, no published research about the level of knowledge and attitudes toward HIV, HBV, and HCV infection among Malawian HCWs. The purpose of this study was to explore and determine the knowledge of and attitudes toward HIV, HBV, and HCV among a targeted population of Malawian HCWs.
Methods:
A cross-sectional community-based participatory research with 194 HCWs was completed employing health survey method. The project was a collaborative effort between nursing faculties in the USA and Malawian. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons was used to assess the differences in knowledge and attitude among three subgroups of HCWs.
Results:
Of 194 of Malawian HCWs surveyed, 41% were support staff, 37% were nursing students, and 22% were health-care professionals. Both health-care professionals and support staff had high knowledge scores related to HIV/AIDS, and their attitudes were mainly positive. However, a series of one-way ANOVAs revealed significant differences in knowledge and attitude toward HIV/AIDs, HBV, and HCV among HCWs (
P
< 0.01). The majority had less knowledge about HBV and HCV and more negative attitudes toward hepatitis.
Conclusions:
This study highlights the ongoing need for reducing negative attitudes toward HIV, HBV, and HCV; and providing health education among HCWs, especially focusing on HBV and HCV prevention. The findings of the research project can be used to develop interventions addressing low HBV- and HCV-related knowledge and attitudes.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Nutritional issues and self-care measures adopted by cancer patients attending a university hospital in Turkey
Sevgisun Kapucu
October-December 2016, 3(4):390-395
DOI
:10.4103/2347-5625.196500
PMID
:28083557
Objective:
This study aimed to assess the nutritional status of cancer patients and the self-care measures they adopted as a response to nutritional problems.
Methods:
This descriptive study included seventy cancer patients staying in the oncology and internal disease clinics of a university hospital in Turkey. Data were collected using a questionnaire with 29 questions.
Results:
The mean age of participants was 40.2 1.82 years. Approximately, 62.9% of the patients ate only half of the meals offered to them, 65.7% experienced weight loss, and 45.7% had difficulty eating their meals on their own. Moreover, 47.1% of the patients received nutritional support and nutritional problems were observed in 71.4% of the patients; 80% were unable to eat hospital food, 54.3% had an eating disorder related to a special diet, 30% suffered from loss of appetite, 27% had nausea, and 14.3% had difficulty swallowing. Furthermore, 48.5% of patients responded that they ate home-cooked food or ordered food from outside when questioned about the self-care measures taken to avoid the aforementioned nutritional problems.
Conclusions:
Most of the cancer patients had serious nutritional problems and ate home-cooked food and used nutritional supplements to overcome these problems. Oncology nurses are responsible for evaluating the nutritional status of cancer patients and eliminating nutritional problems.
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Venous access devices: Clinical rounds
Laurl Matey, Dawn Camp-Sorrell
October-December 2016, 3(4):357-364
DOI
:10.4103/2347-5625.196480
PMID
:28083553
Nursing management of venous access devices (VADs) requires knowledge of current evidence, as well as knowledge of when evidence is limited. Do you know which practices we do based on evidence and those that we do based on institutional history or preference? This article will present complex VAD infection and occlusion complications and some of the controversies associated with them. Important strategies for identifying these complications, troubleshooting, and evaluating the evidence related to lack of blood return, malposition, infection, access and maintenance protocols, and scope of practice issues are presented.
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EDITORIAL
Independent clinical research may alleviate disparities in cancer treatment
Matjaz Zwitter
October-December 2016, 3(4):312-315
DOI
:10.4103/2347-5625.195884
PMID
:28083547
Disparities in cancer care are a reality of the modern world. Unfortunately, current clinical research is in the hands of for-profit pharmaceutical companies and of researchers from the developed world. Problems specific to cancer care in developing countries and among deprivileged populations are ignored. Independent clinical research can offer new valuable knowledge and identify affordable and cost-effective treatments. As such, research not depending on commercial sponsors should become one of the important avenues to alleviate the problem of cancer disparities.
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GUEST EDITORIAL
Special issue on global health disparities focus on cancer
Haeok Lee
October-December 2016, 3(4):309-311
DOI
:10.4103/2347-5625.195883
PMID
:28083546
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Erratum to happy birthday: We are two years old
Judith (Judi) Johnson
October-December 2016, 3(4):396-396
DOI
:10.4103/2347-5625.196501
PMID
:28083558
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Development of booklet on male sexual dysfunction, its measures and assessing its impact on knowledge of patients with urological cancers
Jackson Yovin Chellayadhas, Meera Sharad Achrekar, Ganesh Bakshi, Rani Shetty, Maria Carvalho
October-December 2016, 3(4):382-389
DOI
:10.4103/2347-5625.196495
PMID
:28083556
Objective:
Urological cancer and its surgeries have great impact on male sexuality which could have physical or emotional consequences. In India, speaking openly about the sexual matter is a taboo and an aspect considered forbidden. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to develop an information booklet about male sexual dysfunction and assess its impact on knowledge of patients with urological cancers.
Methods:
Information booklet was developed after literature review, and its content validity was established. Reliability of the questionnaire was 0.95. A randomized control trail using pre- and post-test design was used for 30 male urological cancer patients and was assigned to experimental group (15) who received information booklet and control group (15) who received standard treatment. Subjects in the experimental group were provided with opinionnaire during posttest. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results:
In experimental group, 40% of the subjects were ≤ 40 years, whereas 27% in the control group (
P
= 0.699). The pre- and post-mean difference score was significantly higher in experimental group (mean difference - 5) than control group (mean difference - 0.4). All subjects (100%) opined that the information booklet was useful, adequate, self-explanatory, sequential, and clear.
Conclusions:
Information in the booklet will help subjects to understand the common sexual problems after urological surgeries and help them to cope with the problems, thereby improving their quality of life.
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